US History After 1865, Unit One

1. The United States was no longer two separate nations -- Southerners had erased the Mason-Dixon Line
2. The Southern economy had changed -- industrialization had replaced plantation agriculture
3. Race relations had changed -- blacks were now partners in the "New South"

Cotton, iron, tobacco. Now manufactured cotton, iron, and tobacco in the South instead of sending to the North.

No slaves

Defining citizenship

No discrimination

Conservative white democrats in the 1870's who began to take control of state governments. A leading example was South Carolina.

In 1890, Mississippi's new state constitution banned blacks from voting and office holding in order to "purify" Mississippi politics.

In 1898, Louisiana responded to these challenges by legislating the so-called "Grandfather Clause" which stated that voting tests would not apply to voters whose fathers or grandfathers were registered voters on January 1, 1867, when no black man in the state was registered to vote.

A system of laws ensuring social segregation in transportation, accommodations, schools, courts, etc. which arose in every Southern state.

In 1896, the United States Supreme Court ruled, in a 7-1 vote, that "separate but equal" accommodations on railroad cars conformed to the Fourteenth Amendment's guarantee of equal protection.

The union's second-famous commanding officer, later commander-in-chief. Sherman bow ties

1873 Depression of 1873 hits Supreme Court hears Slaughterhouse Cases 1874 Democrats become majority party in House of Representatives 1875 Civil Rights Act of 1875 passed 1876 Samuel J. Tilden and Rutherford B. Hayes both claim victory in presidential election 1877 Congress passes Electoral Count Act Hayes becomes president Hayes removes remaining troops from the South to end Reconstruction

Ohio governor chosen to run against Democrat Samuel J. Tilden in the presidential election of 1876; received fewer popular and electoral votes than Tilden but became president after Compromise of 1877

Famous New York prosecutor; ran for president on Democratic ticket against Rutherford B. Hayes in election of 1876; fell one electoral vote shy of becoming president

With unemployment high and hard currency scarce, northerners were more concerned with their own financial well-being than in securing rights for freedmen, punishing the Ku Klux Klan, or readmitting secessionist states. After Democrats capitalized on these depression conditions and took control of the House of Representatives in 1874, Reconstruction efforts stalled.