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This is the name for the modified toxin that is put in a vaccine.
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Toxoid.
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What is the difference between immune globin and antitoxin when trying to provide passive immunity?
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Immune globin = antibodies from humans, where antitoxins= antibodies derived from the animals, when the disease was given to them and they mounted a response and made antibodies.
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What's the difference btwn active and passive immunization?
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Active Immunization = antibodies are present in body from a past infection or past vaccination; Passive Immunization = immune globin or antitoxin is given to temporarily fight the infection, but you are not protected after that.
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What is one example of an adjuvant?
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Alumnum salt - given to improve the immune response when the vaccine is given. *This is the future of vaccination!
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What immunoglobin is assoc. with mucosal immunity?
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IgA
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Difference btwn Live,attenuated and Killed vaccines?
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Live, attenuated = crippled form of the disease is given, it initiates both T and B cell immunity (more efficient), but on rare occasion can resort to virulence. Killed vaccine is a killed protein of the infection, so it cannot be virulent, but it only results in humoral B cell immunity.
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What are the main 6 live, attenuated vaccines given today?
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"Live! 1 night only see Sabin's small yellow chickens eat the MMR!" 1) Polio virus (Sabin's), 2)smallpox, 3)yellow fever, 4)varicella, 5)MMR
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What is the DTaP regimen like and how long does it give you immunity?
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4 doses given at 2, 4, 6 months of life, and then anytime 6-12 months after the 3rd dose (this is due to passive immunity by mother waning). Gives 10 years of immunity.
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Which influenzae type is most commonly associated with flu in humans?
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Type B (only infects humans). (Type A is the most severe, rare, can cause pandemics because it infects humans and animals, and Type C is usually asymptomatic).
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Which 3 influenza viruses (H and N numbers) are the only ones to circulate around the world currently?
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H1N1. H3N2 (these are both type A), and Influenza type B
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What are the surface proteins of the Influenza virus?
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Neuraminidase - cleaves salic acid to enter cell. Hemagglutin. M2 protein - only on type A.
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What is the difference btwn antigenic drift and shift?
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Antigenic drift occurs in the same strains and is due to constant mutations in the strain upon its own replication...not as severe. Antigenic shift is when 2 or more flu viruses infect the same host and then recombine to form a completely new strain that we have never seen - very severe (swine flu, avian flu).
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Who is targeted for the Flu vaccine? Why would hte other groups of people then now be advised to receive the vaccine?
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Infants and Elderly (>50), persons w/chronic disorders (asthma, any pulm and heart disease), chronic diabetes and other diseases, Kids on long-term aspirin therapy (*they can get severe Reye Syndrome if they get flu).
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What is the new FluMist vaccine and what is unique about it?
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Unlike the killed Flu vaccines, FluMist is a Live, Attenuated spray vaccine for 2-49 y.o.
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What is the vaccine for Neisseria meningitidis and who is recommended to get it?
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Meningococcal Vaccine. All children, teens entering high school, college freshmen entering dorms, microbiologists, asplenic patients.
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