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Cards In This Set
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Cancer
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A disease of unregulated cell division: cells divide inappropriately and accumulate in some instances forming a tumour.
failure to stop growing when they hit other cells failure to go through apoptosis sustainted angiogensis (stimulate blood vessle growth) tissu invarion and metastatis |
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Why do cells divide
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Embryotic development
cell replacement wound healing. |
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Chemotherapy
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The treatment of disease, specifically caner, the use of chemicals.
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Cell division
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The process by which a cell reprodcues iteself; cell division is important for normal growth, development and repair of organsim
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How cells reproduce (cell cycle)
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Interphase - g1 (cell enlarges, creates additional cytoplasm, and begins to produce new organelles.)
-s-phase ( DNA replication occurs. each chromosome is replicated to produce two identical sister chromatids. -g2 phase. the final prepatory phase where cell prepares for division. mitosis and cytokinesis. |
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Mitosis
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Segregation and separation of dupicated chromosomes during cell division.
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Sister chromatid
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One of the two identical DNA molecules that make up a duplicated chromosome following DNA replication
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Centromere
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The specialized region of a chromosome where the sister chromosomes are joined. this site is critical for proper allignment ans separation of sister chromatids during mitosis.
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Cytokinesis
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The physical division of a cell into two daughter cells.
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Phases of mitosis
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Interphase
-each chromosome replicates and chromatids loosly gather in nucleus prophase -relicated chromosomes coil up and the nuclear membrane begins to come apart. protein fibers of the mitoic spindle start to form. prometaphase -chromosomes condense (shorten) so that they can be separated. spindle fibers attach to chromosomes on both sides at the centromere region metaphase -spindle fibers from opposite ends of the cell pull on chromosomes. chromosomes are alligned along the middle of the cell. anaphase -spindle fibers shorten and pull sister chromatids to opposite ends of cell. telophase -an identical set of chromosomes reaches each side. spindle fibers disemble. nucelar membrane froms around each set of chromosomes forming the daughter cell nuclei. interphase |
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Cell cycle checkpoint
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A cellular mechanism that ensures each stage of the cell cycle is completed accruately
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Apoptosis
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Programmed cell death.
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Metastasis
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Spread of cancer cells from one location to the other.
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Radiation therapy
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The use of ionizing (high energy) radiation to treat cancer.
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Multiple hit hypothesis
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Cancer is a disease of old age so its hypothesized that multiple mutations lead to unregulated cell growth.
-not stopped by natural selection because it occurs after age to have kids. mutations 1&2 cells divide faster 3-cell changes structure 4-invades tissue. more than one cell or if genes regulating tissue are damaged theres an increased risk of cancer. |
