Respiratory Flash Cards

Stimulated by Central Nervous System Active (diaphragm contracts and lowers) Lung volume increases, creating negative pressure so air can rush in

Passive (Diaphragm relaxes and rises) Lung volume decreases, creating positive pressure pushing air out

Sternocleidomastoid Pectoralis Major Serratus Anterior Subclavian Abdominal muscles

The amount of oxygen bound to hemoglobin Normal 95-100% Below 88% requires oxygen therapy

Amount of dissolved oxygen in plasma Measured by Arterial Blood Gas Normal values: 80-100 mmHg

Capillary beds Inhaled O₂ moves from alveoli to capillaries

Chemoreceptors control the drive to breathe and respond to changes in pH and CO₂

Increases in CO₂ depress the entire central nervous system, inluding the respiratory center Chronically high CO₂ levels seen in COPD have lost their normal stimulation Decreases in CO₂ reflect CNS stimulation (Low CO₂ levls can be seen in patients with pain)

Ability of the lung to distend during inspiration and recoil during expiration

High Fowlers helps in breathing With Pnemonia etc position with Good Lung Down

Early: unexplained restlessness, confusion, DOE, tachpnea, tachycardia Immediately check VS and spO₂ Late: Confusion/ combativeness, pausing for breath, dyspnea at rest, use of accessory muscles, hypotension, cyanosis

PH 7.35- 7.45 Primary regulator of acid-baseResponds immediately

35-45 mmHgresponds within minutes

80-100 mmHg

22-26 mEq/LDelayed response- hours to daysMetabolic component